Optical and electrical characterization of TiO2 nanotube arrays on titanium substrate

Novel oriented aligned TiO2 nanotube (TN) arrays were fabricated by anodizing titanium foil in 0.5% HF electrolyte solution. It is indicated that the sizes of the TNs greatly depended on the applied voltages to some extent. The electrical properties of the TN arrays were characterized by current–voltage (I–V) measurements. It exhibits a nonlinear, asymmetric I–V characterization, which can be explained that there exists an n-type semiconductor/metal Schottky barrier diode between TN arrays and titanium substrate interface. The absorption edges shift towards shorter wavelengths with the decrease of the anodizing voltages, which is attributed to the quantum size effects. At room temperature, a novel wide PL band consisting of four overlapped peaks was observed in the photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the TN arrays. Such peaks were proposed to be resulted from the direct transition X1 ! X2/X1, indirect transition G1 !X2/X1, self-trapped excitons and oxygen vacancies, respectively