Bioinspired micro/nano fabrication on dental implant–bone interface

Pioneering research suggests fabricating a biomimetic interface with multiscaled surfacial architecture can greatly improve biomaterials’ function and property. According to this inspiration, we chiefly single out and analyze the natural hierarchical micro/nano structure in ratʹs alveolar bone. Then, a combined hierarchical structure, i.e. micro-pits interlaced self-assemble TiO2 nanotubes of several tens of nanometers on dental implantʹs surface is developed. The as-prepared surface showed that hundreds of self-assembled TiO2 nanotubes were tightly arrayed with a diameter range of 30–50 nm, similar to collagen fibers within ratʹs mandible (60–80 nm). Meanwhile, this hierarchical micro/nano surface can provide a larger surface energy and roughness, a preferable hydrophilicity, a more adaptive mechanical property and adhesion work, a better bioactivity and biocompatibity, a superior attachment and growth of osteoblasts as compared to the smooth and purely micro-treated counterparts. The results indicated that this bioinspired micro/nano fabrication on dental implant–bone interface can be potentially applied in the update of dental implant in patients’ clinical therapy and provide a new strategy for fabricating other osteocompatible materials.