Comparison of corrosion properties of passive films formed on phase reversion induced nano/ultrafine-grained 321 stainless steel

The nano/ultrafine grain (NUG) with an average grain size of 230 nm was obtained by cold rolling down to 94% reduction in thickness and reversion annealing at 800 °C for 200 s. The NUG sample exhibited a lower corrosion resistance than coarse grain (CG) sample in 0.1 M NaCl solution at room temperature, indicating that the passive film formed on the surface of the NUG austenite did not improve corrosion resistance in the solution. However, the corrosion resistance of the former was higher than that of the latter in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature, which was proved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky plots in conjunction with the point defect model. Comparing slightly difference of acceptor density (i.e. cation vacancies) between CG and NUG samples, higher corrosion resistance of NUG sample was probably attributed to significant decreased donor density (i.e. oxygen vacancies and cation interstitials) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the passive films formed on CG and NUG samples in borate buffer solution at room temperature showed little difference.