Orthogonal optimization design for preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via chemical coprecipitation

Fe3O4 nanoparticles ranging from 8.9 to 12.2 nm were prepared by chemical coprecipitation based on L16(45) orthogonal experiments. The effects of five process parameters (pH, Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, reaction temperature, ferric salt concentration, and crystallization temperature) on particle size and specific saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated. The micro-morphology, crystal structure, specific saturation magnetization, and surface properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibration magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier infrared (FT-IR). The results indicate that Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and pH are the main factors affecting particle size and specific saturation magnetization, respectively. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles are mostly spherical powders with a narrow size distribution and a high purity. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles can achieve high dispersion performance and suspension stability by in situ dispersion with double adsorption layers.