Femtosecond laser induced submicrometer structures on the ablation crater walls of II–VI semiconductors in water

Femtosecond laser ablations (100 fs, 800 nm, 0.2 mJ/pulse) were performed to produce craters on CdS, ZnS:Cu and ZnSe wafers in water. On the surface of the crater walls, a variety of submicrostructural formations were presented, such as the ripples and network structures for CdS, the subwavelength ripples and columnar structures for ZnS:Cu, even the regular cubic-shaped submicron rods for ZnSe. Based on the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) study of the different characteristic surface morphologies, the possible formation mechanisms were discussed correspondingly. For example, two distinct mechanisms are contributing to the different styles of ripples formed on CdS and ZnS:Cu. The former is the interference effects between the incoming laser beam and scattered surface wave, while the latter is the self-organization structure formation. In addition, the re-crystallization of the water-confined hot plasma would play an important role in the formation of ZnS:Cu column structures and ZnSe rods.