Femtosecond laser ablation of aluminium

We investigate femtosecond laser ablation of aluminium using a hybrid simulation scheme. Two equations are solved simultaneously: one for the electronic system, which accounts for laser energy absorption and heat conduction, the other for the dynamics of the lattice where the ablation process takes place. For the electron-temperature a generalized heat-conduction equation is solved by applying a finite difference scheme. For the lattice properties, e.g. pressure, density or temperature, we use common molecular dynamics. Energy transfer between the subsystems is allowed by introducing an electron–phonon coupling term. This combined treatment of the electronic and atomic systems is an extension of the well known two-temperature model [Anisimov, Kapeliovich, Perel’man, Electron emission from metal surfaces exposed to ultra short laser pulses, JETP Lett. 39 (2)].