Characterization of vanadium-doped mesoporous titania and its adsorption of gaseous benzene

A series of vanadium-doped mesoporous titania with different metal contents was synthesized in the study via a sol–gel process with the assistance of a dodecylamine surfactant. The existence of vanadium ions not only suppressed crystallization and sintering but also enhanced the porosity of the mesoporous TiO2. Varying the vanadium concentration led to significant changes in the chemical oxidation state of each component. The presence of metal dopants significantly improved the removal efficiency of benzene and the doping the titania with 5 mol% vanadium removed the most benzene, regardless of the adsorption temperature. The adsorption behavior was elucidated by the specific surface area, the interactions between surface hydroxyl groups and the π-electrons of benzene, and the formation of σ-bonding and d-π* back-donation between the adsorbent and organic compounds.