Co removal and phase transformations during high power diode laser irradiation of cemented carbide

The use of a continuous wave-high power diode laser for removing surface Co-binder from Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC–Co (5.8 wt%.)) hardmetal slabs was investigated. Combined scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed in order to study the phase transformations and micro-structural modifications of the WC–Co substrates occurring during and after laser irradiation. The micro-structure of the WC–Co progressively transforms as energy density increased, exhibiting stronger removal of Co and WC grain growth. At very high energy density, local melting of the WC grains with the formation of big agglomerates of interlaced grains is observed, and the crystalline structure of the irradiated substrate shows the presence of a brittle ternary eutectic phase of W, Co and C (often referred to as the η-phase). The latter can be detrimental to the mechanical properties of WC–Co. Therefore, the proper adjustment of the laser processing parameters plays a crucial role in surface treatments of WC–Co substrates prior to post-processing like diamond deposition.