Investigation of the voltage and time effects on the formation of hydroxyapatite-containing titania prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation on Ti–6Al–4V alloy and its corrosion behavior

Producing titania and hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic coating on titanium alloys increases corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of these alloys. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is one of the effective techniques for producing this type of coating. This method produces coatings with enough thickness and appropriate adhesion. In this study, titania and HA were directly produced on Ti–6Al–4V by applying PEO process in a Ca- and P-containing electrolyte by changing voltage and time parameters. Morphology and cross section, chemical composition and elements of coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Corrosion behavior of the samples was also examined by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the formation of HA phase with titania needs a minimum voltage below which HA is not formed. By increasing the operation time, the amount of the formed HA increased. Also, the sample coated at 500 V and 15 min showed the best corrosion behavior in Ringerʹs solution.