Folate Receptor-α Is a Cofactor for Cellular Entry by Marburg and Ebola Viruses

Human infections by Marburg (MBG) and Ebola (EBO) viruses result in lethal hemorrhagic fever. To identify cellular entry factors employed by MBG virus, noninfectible cells transduced with an expression library were challenged with a selectable pseudotype virus packaged by MBG glycoproteins (GP). A cDNA encoding the folate receptor-α (FR-α) was recovered from cells exhibiting reconstitution of viral entry. A FR-α cDNA was recovered in a similar strategy employing EBO pseudotypes. FR-α expression in Jurkat cells facilitated MBG or EBO entry, and FR-blocking reagents inhibited infection by MBG or EBO. Finally, FR-α bound cells expressing MBG or EBO GP and mediated syncytia formation triggered by MBG GP. Thus, FR-α is a significant cofactor for cellular entry for MBG and EBO viruses.