Intrinsic and 1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonate-specific extrinsic lyoluminescences of X-ray irradiated sodium chloride

1-Aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonate (ANS)-specific extrinsic lyoluminescence (LL) of X-ray irradiated sodium chloride is observed at 425 nm when the irradiated salt is dissolved in an aqueous solution of ANS. The paper discusses, in detail, the mechanism of the ANS-specific LL and its analytical applicability. Also, the intrinsic LL of X-ray irradiated sodium chloride is studied. Hydrated electron as well as hole scavenger experiments support the proposal that in the case of the intrinsic LL of X-ray irradiated sodium chloride, trapped electrons (mainly F-center electrons) are released and hydrated whereas trapped holes (V-centers) remain surface-bound and are only partially hydrated before recombination occurs. These hydrated electrons and dissolving solid surface-bound hole centers, which are probably only partially hydrated, are able to act as reducing and oxidizing agents, respectively, in the luminophore oxidation-initiated reductive excitation pathway of ANS. Solution additives (halides and pseudohalides) show that in the chemiluminescence processes in question, oxidizing agents will follow the Marcus theory of electron transfer reactions. The LL method described allows the determination of ANS in the concentration range ≈10−11 − 10−7 M. This suggests that aminonaphthalene derivatives can be used as label molecules in high sensitivity lyoluminobioaffinity assays.