Optimization of a glucose biosensor setup based on a Ni/Al HT matrix Original Research Article

An amperometric glucose biosensor was developed using an anionic clay matrix of hydrotalcitic nature (Ni/Al–NO3 HT) as enzyme support, which was electrochemically synthesized at −0.90 V versus SCE, using a rotating disk Pt electrode to assure homogeneity of the electrodeposition suspension. The biorecognition element was glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on HT during the electrosynthesis, which was followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde vapours to avoid the enzyme release. The performances of the biosensor, in terms of sensitivity to glucose calculated from the slope of the calibration curve, are dependent on parameters related to the electrodeposition. An experimental design was applied to detect the optimal conditions of electrosynthesis in order to optimize the glucose biosensor performance. The factors taken into account were enzyme concentration and Ni/Al molar ratio. A full factorial design was performed to study linear interactions between factors and their quadratic effects and the optimal setup was evaluated by the isoresponse curves. The significant factors were enzyme concentration (linear and quadratic terms) and the interaction between enzyme concentration and Ni/Al molar ratio. Under the optimized electrodeposition conditions, the reproducibility of the biosensor fabrication was very good, being the RSD of the sensitivity about 5%.