Nonequilibrium processes and their applications

The examples of technological application of a nonequilibrium plasma are presented, physical principles underlying these applications are described. Various types of atmospheric-pressure gas discharges in accomplishing technological processes are considered. Plasmachemical processes are considered, such as nitrogen fixation, dissociation of carbon dioxide, nitration of metals, conversion of hydrocarbonic fuel into hydrogen, synthesis of diamond-like materials, synthesis of carbon nanotubes, synthesis of ozone from atmospheric oxygen, plasma-induced modification of polymeric materials surfaces, purifying of gas ejections by industrial enterprises and vehicles from organic impurities, nitric oxides and soot, modeling of spaceships entry into atmospheres of the Solar System’s planets.