Buckling of boron nitride nanotube reinforced piezoelectric polymeric composites subject to combined electro-thermo-mechanical loadings

Unlike widely used carbon nanotubes, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have shown to possess stable semiconducting behavior and strong piezoelectricity. Such properties along with their outstanding mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, make BNNTs promising candidate reinforcement materials for a verity of applications especially nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Motivated by these abilities, we aim to study the buckling behavior of BNNT-reinforced piezoelectric polymeric composites when subjected to combined electro-thermo-mechanical loadings. For this, the multi-walled structure of BNNT is considered as elastic media and a set of concentric cylindrical shells with van der Waals interaction between them. Using three-dimensional equilibrium equations, Donnell shell theory is utilized to show that the axially compressive resistance of BNNT varies with applying thermal and electrical loads. Also, a new equivalent spring constant model of piezoelectric matrix under electro-thermo-mechanical loadings is developed according to the concept of Whitney–Riley model. Results indicate that the support of piezoelectric matrix significantly enhances the buckling resistance of BNNT. Alternatively, the effect of BNNT piezoelectric property on the buckling behavior of composites is demonstrated. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the supporting effect of elastic medium depends on the direction of applied voltage and thermal flow. More specifically, it is shown that applying direct and reverse voltages to BNNT changes the buckling loads for any axial and circumferential wavenumbers. Such capability could be uniquely utilized when designing BNNT-reinforced composites for structural vibration control applications.