Toward a theory of complex and cognitive systems

We present nine propositions that weʹve referred to us principles of human-centered computing. We discussed the reductive tendency, which is a necessary consequence of learning. We pointed out that this tendency also applies to those who are creating new information technologies, especially complex and cognitive systems. Indeed, the people who try to create new complex and cognitive systems are themselves prone to generate reductive understandings, in which complexities are simplified.