Preparation of nanocrystalline PbTiO3 by accelerated sol–gel process

Nanocrystalline lead titanate was prepared quickly by accelerated sol–gel process. The reactive system contained Pb(Ac)2·3H2O, H2O, Ti(OC4H9)4 and CH3CHOHCH3. The mechanism of gel formation and the mechanism of PbTiO3 formation through gel to crystallite conversion were studied thoroughly by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gel was made up of two gels. The gel produced by the hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)4 formed the network. Pb(Ac)2 gel, CH3CHOHCH3 and H2O coexisted in the network evenly. Tetragonal perovskite structure PbTiO3 was prepared at 550 °C. The dimension of particles is about 50 nm. The effect of milling on nanocrystalline dimension was firstly discussed in this paper.