Effect of stirring and temperature on synthesis yield and crystallization of hydrothermally synthesized K2W4O13 nanorods

The K2W4O13 was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of crystalline WO3·H2O in the presence of K2SO4 in the stirred hydrothermal reactor operated at 120–180 °C for 1–6 h at the stirring speeds ranging from 0 rpm (static condition) to 700 rpm to investigate the significance of stirring on crystallization of the K2W4O13 nanorods at different synthesis condition. The crystallization was enhanced by stirring as revealed by the increased synthesis yield with the increase of stirring speed. At 180 °C and 6 h of hydrothermal treatment, the stirring had no observable effect on phase and particle morphology. At shorter time or lower temperature, the stirring had significant effect on enhancing crystallization of the nanorods.