Surface characteristics of porous anodic TiO2 layer for biomedical applications

To improve the preferential nucleation of calcium phosphate by incorporated ions during anodization, titanium oxide (TiO2) films for implant applications were synthesized by electrochemical process in an electrolyte with sodium silicate solution as an additive. The surface morphologies of the anodic TiO2 films were dependent on the electrolyte. The anodic oxide films formed in the electrolyte with high additive content and for long anodic applied time demonstrated the greater precipitation capability of the bioactive Ca–P compounds.