Fully developed turbulent flow and heat transfer at fiber-flocked surfaces

High-conductivity carbon fibers can be “flocked”, or perpendicularly attached onto surfaces, thus enabling heat transfer enhancement for such fiber-flocked surfaces. An analysis is performed for fully developed turbulent flow and heat transfer in ducts with high-conductivity fibers covering the walls. The fiber volumetric packing density is sparse such that single-cylinder correlations are used for the fiber drag and Nusselt number; this gives rise to body-type terms in the momentum and energy equations for the region near the wall covered with fibers.