Lattice Boltzmann method simulation of backward-facing step on convective heat transfer with field synergy principle

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to simulate the two-dimensional incompressible steady low Reynolds number backward-facing step flows. In order to restrict the approach to the two-dimensional flow, the largest Reynolds number chosen was Re = 200. To increase the uniformity of the radial temperature profile for fluid flow in channel and consequently to enhance the heat transfer, the inserted square blockage is used and investigated numerically. In addition, the field synergy principle is also applied to demonstrate that an interruption within fluid results in decreased intersection angle between the velocity and temperature gradient. The numerical results of velocity and temperature field agree well with the available experimental and numerical results.