Application of Conditioner Solution by Subsurface Emitters for Stabilizing the Surrounding Soil

Poor uniformity of water application by subsurface drip irrigation has been examined and some explanations are suggested in this paper. Use of soil conditioners for soil structure stabilization around subsurface drip irrigation pipes was suggested by the authors and tested in the laboratory. The conditioners preserve the structure of existing aggregated and may effectively reduce soil clogging. A silt loam soil was uniformly packed in a 1*0.8*0.15  m box. Two holes were dilled in the box wall through which two emitters were inserted, one for applying solution of soil conditioner and one as a control. Stabilization was achieved by applying two types of polymer solutions differing by their molecular weights through an emitter buried in a silt loam soil. A measured water volume was injected through the emitters into the soil and, after 48  h following irrigation, the box was dismantled. Gravimetric soil moisture content and aggregate water stability were measured in vertical and horizontal distances from the emitter. The highest stabilizing effectiveness was obtained with a volume of 1.5  L polymer solution at 5  g/L concentration, which was applied to the soil at an initial moisture content of 13%. The volume of stabilized soil increased with the volume of applied solution, but the volume ratio of stabilized soil to applied solution decreased with the increase in solution volume. A polymer of relatively low molecular weight was found less effective since a large portion of the solution was consumed by fast penetration into soil aggregates without improving the soil structure. The proposed method offers a simple and easy means for preparing a stabilized soil envelope around subsurface drip irrigation pipes, which may improve the long-term performance and uniformity of the application of these systems. Yet for some of these aspects, further field evaluation is needed, since the results of the study are from a laboratory experiment limited to one soil only.