Laminar flow of a nanoliquid film over an unsteady stretching sheet

The laminar flow of a thin film of a nanoliquid over an unsteady stretching sheet is considered. An effective medium theory (EMT) based model is used for the thermal conductivity of the nanoliquid. A parametric study that deals with the effect of the unsteadiness parameter and the nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ on the dynamics of the liquid film is presented. The unsteady boundary layer equations are transformed to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using a shooting method together with Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg and Newton–Raphson schemes. The clear liquid results from this study are in agreement with the results reported in the literature.