Hall effects on natural convection of participating MHD with thermal radiation in a cavity

In this work, Hall effects on natural convection of participating MHD with thermal radiation are investigated numerically. An external uniform magnetic field is applied on a square cavity which is filled with participating magnetic fluid. The full filled fluid has characteristics of gray, absorbing, emitting, scattering and electrically conducting. All walls of the cavity are opaque and diffusively reflection. The finite volume method (FVM) is employed to solve the momentum equation and energy equation. The radiative flux which is treated as a heat source term is obtained by solving radiative transfer equation (RTE) instead of the widely used Rosseland approximation. Graphical results and detailed analysis show the Hall effects on fluid flow and heat transfer with thermal radiation under different Pl number and Ha number. Results also show that the Hall effects on participating MHD cannot be neglected in certain range of parameters.