XML11 — an abstract windowing protocol

This paper describes XML11, an abstract windowing protocol inspired by the X11-protocol developed by MIT. XML11 is an XML-based protocol that allows asynchronous UI updates of widgets to an end-device. To overcome high-latency connections, XML11 allows migration of application logic to the end-device. Implicit middleware enables transparent interaction between the end-device and the server. The middleware is implicit, because the programmer is unaware of the distribution. The prototype implementation of XML11 runs in any standard web browser without Java capabilities on the client side and replaces AWT/Swing on the server side. This also allows us to expose legacy AWT/Swing applications as web applications.