FACTOR G FOR PIPELINES WITH EQUALLY SPACED MULTIPLE OUTLETS AND OUTFLOW

A factor G for pipelines with equally spaced multiple outlets and outflow at the downstream end is derived. The proposed factor is a function of the number of outlets along the pipeline and also a function of the friction formula used. Factor G allows head loss in such pipelines to be computed directly provided the first outlet is one outlet spacing distance from the pipeline inlet. Under conditions of zero outflow at the downstream end of the pipeline, factor G reduces to the well-known Christiansenʹs factor F. Factor G allows the design of segments of pipelines with multiple outlets. It may find application with irrigation engineers in designing sprinkler and trickle irrigation laterals and manifolds with multiple-diameter sizes. It also may be used in trickle line hydraulics in flushing mode.