Polymer photovoltaic devices with transparent graphene electrodes produced by spin-casting

Large-area, smooth, transparent and conductive graphene films were produced by a spin-coating method using graphene solutions. Bulk heterojunction polymer organic photovoltaic devices using these pure graphene films as a transparent anode were fabricated and studied. A direct pure graphene film electrode ensured that the device fabrication cost remained low and the processing was simple. The photovoltaic device displayed a power-conversion efficiency of 0.13%.