Synthesis of branched carbon nanotubes by carbonization of solid polyvinylidene fluoride fibers

Branched carbon nanotubes (b-CNTs) were synthesized by carbonization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers containing a Pt catalyst. The solid fibrous polymer converted into carbon nanotubes with simultaneous growth of branches on the surface of the tubes during carbonization. The Pt particles were expected to decompose PVDF polymer inside the tubes into volatile carbonaceous species leaving a hollow center, and also to act as catalytic sites for the growth of carbon branches. The resulting b-CNTs had a high degree of graphitization and a large electrochemical surface area, and also showed a possibility as a supporting material for electrocatalysts.