Stormy ionosphere mapping over Europe Original Research Article

Disturbed conditions in the bottomside ionosphere during selected pronounced ionospheric storms are studied by constructing limited-area instantaneous maps. For this analysis ionosonde measurements of electron density profiles from European sites are used. The aim of this analysis is to show the storm-induced disturbance effects on electron concentration at different heights and to compare them with the results obtained from the empirical NeQuITUR model. The results serve to demonstrate the usefulness of these for constructing instantaneous maps and illustrating morphology of ionospheric storms and provide users with more realistic parameters for radio communications.