Effects of the solar wind termination shock on charge-sign dependent cosmic ray modulation Original Research Article

The heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays disguises the true spectral form of the local interstellar spectra for all cosmic ray species below ∼10 GeV. Recent modeling of the propagation of cosmic rays through the Galaxy gives the interstellar spectra for electrons, positrons, protons and anti-protons more reliably than before. Using this information together with the latest heliospheric diffusion coefficients, the electron to positron, proton to anti-proton, and electron to proton ratios are computed with a comprehensive numerical diffusive shock and drift modulation model for a simulated heliosphere. The modulation of the mentioned species are surprisingly different which should assist in establishing the amount of drifts present during different modulation epochs, and can be of use for future missions to the outer heliosphere and beyond.