Modeling spectra of cosmic rays influencing on the ionospheres of the earth and outer planets during solar maximum and minimum Original Research Article

The galactic (GCRs) and anomalous (ACRs) cosmic rays form the lower parts of the planetary ionospheres. For this purpose analytical and numerical spectra for cosmic particles are necessary. The spectra of GCRs and ACRs observed in the Solar system are modulated by the Sun. Our knowledge of GCR modulation in the solar system was greatly enhanced thanks to the heliospheric missions, Voyager 1 and 2 that covered the outer Solar system up to ∼75 AU radial distance from the Sun. In this paper, a new model for the calculation of the GCR and ACR differential spectra D(E) on the basis of satellite and balloon measurements is created. This computed analytical model gives a practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component. The integral spectra D(>E) are computed and also obtained. The average radial gradient of GCR is accepted 4%/AU [F. Mcdonald, Z. Fujii, et al. The cosmic ray radial and latitudinal intensity gradient in the inner and outer heliosphere, in: Proceedings of 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Copernicus Gesellschaft, p. 3906, 2001]. The contribution of GCRs and ACRs to the ionization of the ionospheres of outer planets will be increased with increase of the planetary distances from the Sun.