16-day wave observed in the meteor winds at low latitudes in the southern hemisphere Original Research Article

Horizontal winds obtained from meteor radar over Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil (22.7°S, 45.0°W), between April 1999 and April 2004 have been used to investigate the planetary-scale 16-day wave. Spectral analysis shows the presence of bursts in the 12- to 20-day period range, mainly in the zonal component, with enhancements observed during all seasons. The 16-day wave exhibits year-to-year variability, but did not exhibit a clear seasonal behavior. This study reveals that the 16-day wave at 22.7°S was strongest during austral autumn–winter seasons for the years 2002 and 2003, whilst for 1999–2000, 2000–2001 and 2002–2003 16-day wave was strongest during spring–summer seasons. The 16-day wave activity was observed during both winter and summer months over Cachoeira Paulista, and the enhancements seen for summer seasons reinforce the interpretation of inter-hemispheric penetration. During the most intense events in the zonal component, the vertical structure revealed maximum amplitudes of about 14 m/s at 90 km and above and, the vertical phase structure showed descending phase with vertical wavelengths of about 51 ± 11 km.