Universal scaling functions of a dissipative Manna model Original Research Article

This study uses a losing probability f to measure the magnitude of the bulk dissipation of a dissipative Manna model where image, the probability distribution of toppling size s, on a image square lattice is calculated. This approach assumes that the bulk dissipation corresponds to a characteristic length ξ. The finding image leads to image where H is a two-variable universal scaling function, τ, D, and ν are exponents, and image is a nonuniversal metric factor determined by the calculation of moment.