Hydrolysis of nitriles and amides by filamentous fungi

Screening of culture collection afforded nitrile-utilizing fungi belonging to genera Aspergillus, Talaromyces and Penicillium. Fusarium solani O1 was enriched from soil using 3-cyanopyridine as the sole source of nitrogen. This strain, and Penicillium multicolor CCF 2244 (the best one of the culture collection strains), showed comparable specific benzonitrile-hydrolyzing activities (0.95 and 0.87 μmol of benzoic acid h−1 mg−1 of dry cell weight at 28 °C, respectively). These fungi showed similar substrate specificities for substituted benzonitriles and heterocyclic nitriles but different pH and temperature optima (pH 8 and 38 °C for P. multicolor, pH 7 and 48 °C for F. solani). Amides as by-products were produced from some heterocyclic nitriles. Both fungi showed an amidase activity for nicotinamide.