A more general model for forming limit diagrams prediction

The present paper is devoted to the development of a more general code for the prediction of forming limit diagrams (FLDs). For this purpose, the Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) theory is treated with a new approach. The code is composed of a main part and several subroutines, which allow the implementation of different hardening laws, yield functions or constitutive equations. The Newton–Raphson numerical method is used to solve the theoretical treatments of localized necking taking into account linear and complex strain paths.