Development of simulation code for calculating residual stress distribution in D-I cans produced by both-sided ironing process

A code of FEM for an elastic and plastic material has been developed to calculate a residual stress distribution in D-I can by both-sided ironing. It is possible for the code to simulate a forming process of deep drawing from a sheet to a can, an ironing process of both-sided of the can wall, and a deformation of the whole of the can under perfect unloading when the can is removed from an equipment of deep drawing and ironing. From these simulations, quite different and contrary distributions of residual stress are obtained according to mutual positions of dies for the ironing, which are considered to expand the wall of can as an ellipsoidal shape or shrink it to a hyperbolic shape.