Chiral unitary meson–baryon dynamics in the presence of resonances: elastic pion–nucleon scattering Original Research Article

We develop a novel approach to chiral meson–baryon dynamics incorporating unitarity constraints and explicit resonance fields. It is based on the most general structure of any pion–nucleon partial wave amplitude neglecting the unphysical cuts as derived from the N/D method. This amplitude is then matched to the one-loop heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory result at third order and to tree level exchanges of baryon- and meson-states in the s,t and u channels. This generates the left-hand cuts. The unitarization procedure does not involve form factors or regulator functions. The resonance parameters are determined from fits to the S- and P-wave pion–nucleon partial wave amplitudes for energies up to 1.3 GeV. In particular, the Δ(1232) is accurately reproduced whereas scalar and vector meson couplings are less precisely pinned down. We also obtain a satisfactory description of the πN threshold parameters. Further extensions of this method to coupled channels and the three-flavor case are briefly discussed.