More than G1 or G2 arrest: Useful starfish oocyte system for investigating skillful MAP kinase

During the meiotic cycles in starfish oocytes, MAP kinase (MAPK) is involved in the meta-I arrest, the meiosis I to II transition, and the arrest at pronucleus stage (G1 and/or G2 phase). The eventual fate, either development or death, of mature eggs is also under the control of MAPK. Starfish oocytes are thus a useful model system to study multiple functions of skillful MAPK.