Rearrangement of nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-containing structures during apoptosis and transcriptional arrest

The aim of this paper is to review the data in the literature concerning ribonucleoprotein components during apoptosis, where a major rearrangement of RNPs takes place. In parallel with chromatin changes, the nucleoplasmic constituents (perichromatin fibrils; perichromatin granules; interchromatin granules and nuclear bodies) as well as the nucleoli aggregate into heterogeneous clusters called HERDS, in the interchromatin space. Later, these RNP-containing structures are extruded from the nucleus and leave the cell within cytoplasmic blebs. We propose also a role for HERDS as markers of irreversible transcriptional arrest.