Semi-analytical sensitivity using hybrid finite elements

The paper presents a general algorithm for computation of response sensitivity using Semi-Analytical approach and Hybrid Finite Elements. In particular, three types of two-dimensional quadrilateral elements based on the Hellinger–Reissner principle and its latter modifications have been chosen and implemented in the sensitivity expressions to demonstrate the improved performance of the algorithm. It is observed that the semi-analytical approach based on hybrid finite elements has the potential for obtaining cost-effective and accurate sensitivities and hence, is a good compromise between analytical and explicit finite difference approaches.