Analysis of arbitrary composite sections in biaxial bending and axial load

A new methodology is presented for the ultimate strength and moment–curvature analysis of arbitrary composite sections under biaxial bending and axial load. The definition of section geometry and material properties can be unconditionally complex, based on an object-oriented implementation. Stress integration is performed using a Green path integral, with an adaptive strain-mapped Gaussian sampling. Derivative-free solution strategies for the calculation of incremental and ultimate response are applied. Results are presented in the form of moment–curvature curves, ultimate strength interaction curves and 3D failure surfaces. The performance of the methodology is demonstrated through various case studies, comparisons and benchmarks.