Nonlinear contact-theory for analysis of wire rope strand using high-order approximation in the FEM

The p-extension concept in the finite element method has been developed for simple straight two-layered wire rope strand which considers all possible inter-wire motions, contact and dry friction between the wires in case of small displacement and deformation. The special nonlinear contact theory has been developed for considering contact. While formulating contact kinematic conditions, the Poisson effect and wear between the elements are also considered. The structure can be subjected to tension, torsion and bending loading. The linear elastic material properties are assumed for the calculations. Several case studies are presented in the paper to verify the applicability and accuracy of the FE code.