Effects of coupling agents on mechanical and morphological behavior of the PP/HDPE blend with two different CaCO3

The main purpose of incorporating fillers, such as calcium carbonate, into blends of polyolefins is to decrease costs and change tensile and impact properties. Structural differences between both components give rise to the formation of large filler agglomerates in the polymer matrix, which influence the mechanical response of the material. Therefore, the coupling agents of the Lica 12 type at various concentrations was used to facilitate the link between filler and matrix (the latter consisting of PP/HDPE 80/20 wt). Filler was added to the PP/HDPE blend at a 30 wt.% concentration. Two types of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were used. These have different average sizes (3.0 and 1.8 μm) which were determined by means of laser diffraction techniques. In addition other coupling agents of the titanate type, such as Lica 09, Lica 01, zirconates ZN 12, and a 1:1 mixture of Lica 12 and Lica 01, were used. This study clearly demonstrated that the addition of the coupling agent to CaCO3 modifies the mechanical properties of the PP/HDPE/CaCO3 composites. Values of the mechanical properties indicate that due to its characteristics, each coupling agent gives rise to increases in a particular mechanical property. In the case of Lica 01 an increase was verified in Young’s modulus at 0.7 wt.% and in elongation at break at both concentrations (0.3 and 0.7 wt.%), whereas ZN 12 brought about an increase in elongation at break. The 1:1 mixture of Lica 12 and Lica 01 caused impact resistance of the blend of PP/HDPE with CaCO3 to increase considerably.