1H NMR studies of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels near the phase transition

The phase transition and critical phenomenon of equilibrium swollen poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPA) hydrogels were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in liquid solution mode. The quantitative NMR observation shows that the peak height and line width of polymer proton and of the HOD proton, and relaxation times of HOD proton all transitionally change as the temperature approaches the transition temperature. The relaxation times of water protons are also measured quantitatively, which shows that the temperature dependence of relaxation times of HOD on temperature before the transition is not consistent with relaxation theory based on the assumption of dominated dipolar interaction between like-spin nuclei and isotropic rotational motion. To explain the surprising relaxation behavior of HOD, we suggest that the amount of bound water in gels increases gradually with temperature at the approach of the phase transition. The pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR experiments of NIPA gel confirm this suggestion. We believe that these results have important implications concerning the mechanism of the phase transition of NIPA hydrogels.