Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfonated naphthalenic polyimides as proton conductive membrane for DMFC applications

To prepare proton conductive membrane for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), a novel sulfonated aromatic diamine monomer, 1,4-bis(4-amino-2-sulfonic acid-phenoxy)-benzene (DSBAPB) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. Then a series of sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) were prepared from DSBAPB with 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA) and a non-sulfonated diamine, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) via one-step high-temperature polymerization method. The sulfonation degree of the SPIs can be controlled by changing the mole ratio of sulfonated monomer to non-sulfonated monomer. The obtained SPI membranes exhibit desirable proton conductivity ranged from 7.9 × 10−3 to 7.2 × 10−2 S cm−1 and low methanol permeability of less than 2.85 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. Furthermore, the hydrolysis stability of the obtained SPIs is better than the BDSA based SPIs caused by the flexible structure.