Fuel mixture approach for solution combustion synthesis of Ca3Al2O6 powders

Single-phase 3CaO·Al2O3 powders were prepared via solution combustion synthesis using a fuel mixture of urea and β-alanine. The concept of using this fuel mixture comes from the individual reactivity of calcium nitrate and aluminum nitrate with respect to urea and β-alanine. It was proved that urea is the optimum fuel for Al(NO3)3 whereas β-alanine is the most suitable fuel for Ca(NO3)2. X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis investigations revealed that heating at 300 °C the precursor mixture containing the desired metal nitrates, urea and β-alanine triggers a vigorous combustion reaction, which yields single-phase nanocrystalline 3CaO·Al2O3 powder (33.3 nm). In this case additional annealing was no longer required. The use of a single fuel failed to ensure the formation of 3CaO·Al2O3 directly from the combustion reaction. After annealing at 900 °C for 1 h, the powders obtained by using a single fuel (urea or β-alanine) developed a phase composition comprising of 3CaO·Al2O3, 12CaO·7Al2O3 and CaO.