Hydromagnetic natural cooling of a triangular heat source in a triangular cavity with water–CuO nanofluid

This paper presents a numerical analysis of natural cooling of a right triangular heat source by a water–CuO nanofluid in a right triangular cavity that is under the influence of a horizontal magnetic field. A computational domain is defined and a numerical scheme based on the control volume formulation using the SIMPLE algorithm is developed. The convection–diffusion terms are discretised using a power-law scheme. The effects of the Rayleigh number, the solid volume fraction, the Hartmann number and the heat source position in the cavity on the heat transfer performance of the cavity are examined. The thermal performance of the cavity is enhanced as the Rayleigh number increases, the Hartmann number decreases and the distance of the heat source with the cold walls decreases. An optimum solid volume fraction is found that maximises the heat transfer at high Rayleigh numbers.