Heatline visualization for conjugate heat transfer of a couple stress fluid from a vertical slender hollow cylinder

The flow visualization has been made using the heat function concept for the conjugate heat transfer effects on the transient free convective couple stress fluid flow over a vertical slender hollow circular cylinder with the inner surface kept at a constant temperature. The governing non-linear equations are solved numerically by using an unconditionally stable implicit method. Numerical results show that the deviations of flow variables of couple stress fluid from those of the Newtonian fluid turn out to be considerable. Boundary layer flow visualization indicates that the streamlines exist starting from the leading edge to the far downstream, while the heatlines terminate at a finite distance from the cylinder wall. It is noticed that the steady-state values of average skin-friction and heat transfer rate decrease as the conjugate-conduction parameter increases.