Synthesis of Pd/SiO2, Ag/SiO2, and Cu/SiO2 cogelled xerogel catalysts: study of metal dispersion and catalytic activity

Pd/SiO2, Ag/SiO2, and Cu/SiO2 xerogel catalysts have been synthesized by cogelation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and chelates of Pd, Ag, and Cu with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (EDAS). It appears that the metal complex acts as a nucleation agent in the formation of silica particles. The resulting catalysts are then composed of completely accessible metallic crystallites with a diameter of about 3 nm located inside silica particles exhibiting a monodisperse microporous distribution. The metal dispersion has been determined from CO and O2 chemisorption, TEM, and X-ray diffraction. Although metallic particles are located inside silica particles, their complete accessibility, via the micropore network, has been shown. 1,2-Dichloroethane hydrodechlorination over Pd/SiO2 catalysts mainly produces ethane and the specific hydrodechlorination rate per gram of Pd decreases when metal loading increases. Hydrodechlorination over Pd/SiO2 catalysts is a structure-insensitive reaction with regard to the ensemble size concept. Benzene oxidation over Ag/SiO2 and Cu/SiO2 catalysts produces H2O and CO2 only and specific oxidation rate per gram of metal decreases when silver and copper loadings increase. Furthermore, it is concluded that benzene oxidation is a structure-insensitive reaction.