Enhancement of decane-SCR-NOx over Ag/alumina by hydrogen. Reaction kinetics and in situ FTIR and UV–vis study

Decane-SCR-NOx, oxidation of NO and decane by molecular oxygen, and these reactions enhanced by hydrogen over Ag/alumina were investigated by monitoring of gaseous product composition, surface intermediates (in situ FTIR), and the state of silver (in situ UV–vis) under realistic reaction conditions in the steady-state and transient modes. It has been shown that oxidation of NO or decane by oxygen is greatly affected by the presence of decane or NO. Monodentate nitrates are formed preferentially and are more reactive compared with the bidentate species. Oxidation of decane mostly yields surface acetates, and the presence of NOx favors the formation of formates (acrylates). The reaction steps most enhanced by the addition of hydrogen to the SCR-NOx reaction are the transformations of the intermediate single bondCN species into single bondNCO and oxidation of the hydrocarbon to formates (acrylates). Although NO–NO2 oxidation is also enhanced by hydrogen, this effect does not contribute to the increased rate of the SCR-NOx reaction. A small part of very reactive Ag+ (estimated to be <5%) is reduced to metallic charged image clusters (image) during both the decane- and H2/decane-SCR-NOx reactions. The number of image clusters formed depends mainly on the level of NO conversion to nitrogen, regardless of whether the conversion level is attained by the addition of hydrogen or by an increased concentration of decane or oxygen in the feed. The time-resolved responses of NOx–N2 conversion and of the number of image clusters to the addition/removal of hydrogen from the reactants indicate that the image clusters are mainly formed because of the reducing effect of adsorbed CHxO-containing reaction intermediates. The active sites are suggested to be single Ag+ ions or small Ag2O species. Hydrogen itself takes part in the SCR-NOx reaction. It is supposed that it dissociates, forms Ag-hydride, and enhances SCR-NOx by initiation radical reactions.