Author/Authors :
Jerkovic، ZJ نويسنده Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia , , Jevtic، RM نويسنده Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia , , Lalosevic، MS نويسنده Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia , , Prijic، ZS نويسنده Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia ,
Abstract :
This paper is aimed at presenting contemporary knowledge in the field of
integral wheat protection against parasites, i.e. the use of cultural measures and
genetic analyses directed at adequate use of breeding results, monitoring and
forecasting of prevalent parasite growth and development with the aim of rational
fungicide application. In addition, the paper suggests the proper use of biological
measures through artificial infection with Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Ptr) in years
not favourable for facultative parasite development. Growing of the varieties not
lower than 85 cm with optimal stem growth ratio in regions with 550–650 mm
precipitation, deep and complete soil cultivation plus nutrition before sowing in
late October reduced the risk of facultative parasite appearance on lower and
middle leaves by over 15%, which was considered useful because of the
antagonism to obligate parasites. Severity of Puccinia triticina on last two leaves
when facultative parasites were absent was increased at 60–70% as maximal level
according to suggested SAGR. Nevertheless, we suggest growing of varieties with
prolonged latency period resistant to Puccinia triticina. The aim is to avoid overaccumulation
of resistance genes consequential through the decrease of wheat grain
yielding potential. Genes facilitating toxin from Ptr spreading have to be excluded
because of necessary antagonistic effect from the middle leaves. This implies gene
for the obligate parasite specific resistance diversity of varieties in order to reduce
the probability of simultaneous overcoming of resistance and avoid insurmountable
changes in seed production. The final result of the proposed system should be the
last two leaves with mostly minimal parasite appearance and the possibility of
economical and efficient single curative treatment application once in ten years
when facultative parasites are absent in spring or after the resistance of variety is
overcome in standard conditions. The practical aim was also dependent on leaf rust
development and green leaf area dissapearence forecasting models as well as
balance between the size of the farm and equipment due to short deadlines.
